Resilience thinking: integrating resilience, adaptability, and transformability

[ Folke, C. et al. 2010. Resilience thinking: integrating resilience, adaptability, and transformability. Ecology and Society 15(4): 20. ] Folke et al. address the concept of resilience in Socio-Ecological Systems (SES) – the tendency of an SES to account for change while still remaining within a stability threshold. They break resilience into three subcategories: persistence, adaptability, and transformability, addressing each of these and their implications in turn.